Fear of the dark is clinically known as ‘nyctophobia’. Nyctophobia creates an irrational fear of the dark in otherwise normal persons Phobias are very commonplace and they can take any number of forms.

A fear that becomes irrational is a phobia   A phobia will begin as a rational fear in response to a scary event. Over time the fear takes over and becomes more and more irrational.

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A phobia can stay focused on a single trigger like fear of the dark, fear of spiders, fear of driving, etc, or it can develop into a deeper problem

Panic disorder can develop if a phobia goes untreated and gets worse. Panic triggers will be very subtle All or a number of the following may occur with a panic attack:

• Paralyzing bouts of fear.

• Fear of going insane

• Fear of being trapped

• Fast heart rate, racing pulse.

• Shortness of breath

• Tightness and pain in the chest

• Nausea and indigestion.

• Disorientation and dizziness.

• Loss of reality, feelings of being disconnected.

• Numbness and tingling in the feet, hands, and face

• Sweating profusely.

Panic attacks typically send sufferers to the emergency room. Panic attacks look so much like heart attacks they can even fool doctors. Being tested again and again for heart disease can get expensive Accurate diagnosis of panic disorder will take a very long time

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Fear of the dark can grow into panic disorder if attacks become regular and unpredictable Panic disorder can worsen if treatment is not sought

Fear of more attacks becomes as serious a problem as the attacks themselves Fear of triggering new attacks might result in avoidance of normal activities

Fear of the dark can be effectively managed and cured. Full recovery is routine. Early treatment yields the fastest results Results are more positive than for other conditions even when fear of the dark has been a problem for many years

Fear of the dark is treated by teaching new ways of thinking about stress   Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one of the most popular treatments for eliminating fear in this way.  CBT is results-oriented and cost-effective.

Fear of the dark and panic also responds well to self-help methods. Self-help methods typically start out by teaching individuals how not to be afraid of the future attacks. Dread of the next attack actually sets up the next attack

Self-help is a good possibility when CBT or medication is not affordable Self-help is also very convenient and discrete Effective alternative options include hypnosis, self-hypnosis, and antidepressant drugs or anti-anxiety medications.

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Fear of open spaces is the literal translation of a advanced anxiety disorder called ‘agoraphobia’. Calling agoraphobia fear of open spaces is somewhat misleading, since the condition is a more advanced kind of panic disorder

The fear in ‘fear of open spaces’ is not about open spaces themselves Fear of open spaces is a more of a fear of experiencing panic and not having the ability to get away. Agoraphobia is most often a condition that develops when panic attacks have gone untreated for several years.

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Symptoms of fear of open spaces can be complex and include:

• Fear of crowded places

• Avoidance of public transportation

• Severe, recurring panic attacks

• Fear of leaving what is familiar.

• Fear of leaving home

• Dependence on others for basic desires

• Loss of social support, isolation.

Agoraphobia is one of the foremost severe forms of anxiety disorder Agoraphobia can develop on its own or together with different emotional illnesses Common problems that can occur alongside agoraphobia include Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), clinical depression, post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder

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Anxiety disorders are more common than any other mental illness in America these days   Anxiety accounts for over 30% of all current expenditures on mental health

Agoraphobia is a very debilitating disorder. Agoraphobias can become dependent on others to the point of being totally housebound Ordinary tasks like bringing in the mail become impossible

Agoraphobia often starts out as panic disorder and then gets worse over time. Panic disorder is characterized by shortness of breath, tightness or pain within the chest, dizziness, nausea, fear, confusion, and tingling or numbness in the hands, feet, and face that come with regular bouts of intense fear

A panic attack can be indistinguishable from a heart attack Multiple ER visits are typically made before victims receive a diagnosis of panic disorder. Panic and heart disease look so similar even doctors need to run tests to tell them apart.

Avoidance is a common strategy for preventing recurring attacks They begin to avoid public places Avoidance that becomes a habit ends up in agoraphobia. Immediate treatment is important to prevent agoraphobics from becoming housebound and totally dependent.

Agoraphobia can be cured in most cases. Full recovery is normal Treatment for agoraphobia might involve therapy, drugs, or both

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a popular short-term kind of treatment CBT ‘reframes’ the agoraphobic’s feelings and ideas so that panic gradually diminishes.

Systematic desensitization is also sometimes used Systematic desensitization slowly exposes the agoraphobic to increasing levels of stressful stimuli Exposure is maintained at each level till no fear is felt Stressful stimuli are then slightly increased again

SSRI antidepressant medication is the most commonly prescribed drug therapy for agoraphobia SSRI drug therapy works by regulating the amount of serotonin circulating within the bloodstream.

Serotonin is the body’s own natural tranquilizer Some individuals cannot maintain healthy serotonin levels without drugs, although the reason for this is still unknown

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